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Unit - II Materials used in Binding
The warehouse is the place of practice where a printed and blank stock is handled to convert into finished product. There are two types of warehouse in nature
In this ware house only the unprinted sheets are stored and handled. From this ware house the paper goes to the printing press department for printing.
In this ware house only the printed sheets are stored and handled. After printing the printed sheets from the printing press department comes here for storing before it goes to the binding and finishing department.
Binding Cloth
It is a very important material in book binding. It is used to cover the book and make it attractive, to reinforce spine edge of the book, to hold the straw boards with the book spine.
It is a closely woven cloth from good quality cotton fabrics. It is starched on one side. It is available in many colors but red, green and blue are popular. The gaps between the woven threads are filled up with pigment filler and finally heavily starched on one side. It prevents the penetration of glue from rough side to polished side.
It is superior quality binding cloth. It is closely woven and stiffened with heavy paste and glazed to avoid finger prints on cloth. Sometimes it is grained and embossed with different patterns to make the appearance attractive.
The closely woven cloth is coated with cellulose plastic. Due to this the Rexene becomes water and stain resistant. It is very strong and durable. Various attractive patterns are embossed on it. It is used for cheap account books, diaries, albums etc.
Leather is a very durable covering material but also very cotly. Leather is used in costly and durable bindings only. Mainly account books, ledgers and very rare valuable books are bound in leather.
Leather is durable covering material but aloes very costly. It is very attractive and pleasant to handle. Mainly account books, ledgers and very rare valuable, costly books are bound in leather. Leather bound books are mostly decorated by gold blocking etc. leather is of mainly two varieties. They are skins and hides.
Skin means leather obtained from the small animals such as goat, sheep, calf and pig. Hide means the leather prepared from matured animals such as bullock, cow etc.
It can be called imitation book cloth. Paper fabric is a strong paper made from chemical wood pulp highly sized and grained. It has high tensile strength but does not have resistant to water and stain. It is used in very cheap quality binding e.g. exercise note books.
Here the closely woven cloth is coated with Poly Vinyl Chloride. It is not so durable. It is available in many colors and patterns. It is used for diaries and pass books.
It is loosely woven cotton cloth, heavily starched and stiffened. It is called as a reinforcing material because it gives additional strength, support to the spine of the book when it is affixed over the glued spine as first lining. This cloth is also used for strengthening the end paper.
It is as good as mull cloth but closely woven, lightly starched and is made from bleached cotton. It is superior to mull cloth and used like mull cloth but in superior quality books.
Cloth tape is used for sewing books. It may be 1.27cm in width and its length is according to the thickness of the book. Linen tape is very strong but at the same time nylon or terylene is the strongest.
A good hemp cord is used for sewing purpose. Usually 3 to 5 ply hemp cord is used for sewing. Nowadays nylon cords are also available. It is obtained in balls.
Sewing threads are manufactured from linen, cotton, nylon and terylene. Linen thread is expensive and most suitable for hand sewing.
Stitching wire is made from low grade medium carbon steel in various grades. It is usually coated to prevent corrosion. It is mostly round but flat wire is also used.
Eyelets made from brass, steel or aluminium is used to prevent the tearing of hole in a paper or board. Rivets are used extensively in fastening of metal parts in paper products. Various types of metal and plastic fasteners such as spiral, comb, inter screw, rings, metal backs etc are used to hold loose sheets together.
Paste is prepared from a mixture of plain flour, water, alum and formaldehyde. It is well mixed and heated on a pot until it is thickened. Formaldehyde is added as disinfectant. Paste is not water resistant, gets affected by humidity, bacteria, fungi and insects.
Glue is prepared from the bones and skins of the animals by boiling with water. The first output is good quality, transparent “pearl glue”. The second output is “flexible glue”. The final output is of inferior quality, having bad smell and brown in color called as “scotch glue”. Glue named “cassava” has been recently introduced, which can be mixed with cold water and used.
These are made from (PVA) Poly Vinyl Acetate and are in white liquid form. These have good tackiness and high flexibility.
It is another synthetic adhesive made from copolymers, resins and waxes. It is 100% solid and is brought to working condition by melting is at 1600 to 1900 C
It is obtained from tree. It is thin, nearly in liquid form with low viscosity. It is specifically used in manufacturing of envelopes, labels, stickers etc.
It is solid in books of 25 leaves, the size being about 31/2 inch. Square. Gold leaf sticks to anything upon contact, unless the article is dry, clean and absolutely free from grease.
The blocking foil is made of aluminium, silver, brass metallic powders spread over waxed cellulose or polyester film carriers. The powder is finally covered with thin layer of tan (powder from oak). The foils are used for hand tooling, and blockin