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Unit - IV Binding Operations
Stitching is classified as
Thread Stitched Book
Wire Stitched Book
When the sections are stitched using thread on the side of the book, then it is called side stitching.
When the sections are stitched using thread in the centre of the book, then it is called centre or saddle stitching.
French Sewing or Library Sewing
The sections to be sewn are jogged well by knocking the head and spine of the sections on the table. The sections are held in between the plates of a nipping press. Saw cuts are made on the spine for making holes for sewing. The number of holes depends upon the length of the book to be sewn. The last section is sewn first and the first section is sewn last. In French sewing no reinforcing materials like tapes or cords are used.
This is similar to French sewing but, tapes are used as a reinforcing material at the spine side. The number of tapes depends upon the length of the book. The position of the tapes and holes are marked using pencil. The thread passes over the tapes while sewing. Finally the tapes are attached to the end paper. This gives extra strength to the book and board. Account books and ledgers are sewn by this method.
Raised Cord Sewing or Flexible Sewing
In raised cord sewing, instead of tapes, cords are used as the reinforcing material. This is similar to tape sewing but the thread encircles the cord while sewing. This gives a raised effect on the spine. The cords are spread and laced to the boards. This kind of sewing gives flexibility to the spine. Costlier books are sewn by this method. This is also called as flexible sewing.
In recessed cord sewing grooves are made at the spine of the book for placing the cords. The cords are placed in the grooves while sewing. This avoids the raised effect of the cord on the spine. This sewing is also called as sawn-in sewing.
Loose sheets or the books with narrow margins are sewn by this method. The spine side is trimmed (in case of old books or uneven sheets) and glued. After drying, the book is separated into sections and sewn using thin thread and thin needles through the glued sections.
Thick book (i.e.) book containing more sections in bulk causes extra bulk on the spine due to threads. To avoid this bulk, two-on or all along sewing is used.
In this style, while the thread passes from one end to the other end (i.e.) from tail to head, it links two or three sections. Due to this the bulge caused by the thread in the spine is reduced. The production speed increases due to this type of sewing, but the strength is lost. Cheaper varieties of books are sewn by this method.
Loose-leaf binding is the most common form of stationary binding.
There are many kinds of loose-leaf binding. But three methods are most commonly used.
They are:
A Spiral Binding consists of a continuous wire, which is coiled through evenly spaced holes that have been punched into the pages of a book. The spiral wire can be made of metal, plastic or plastic –coated metal. Plastic is available in verity of colors, but the metal spiral is not available in many colors.
When the books are open, the pages lie flat. The spiral binding is used for binding training manuals, cook books, note books and calendars.
This is a method of binding using plastic “comb” through rectangular holes in the paper. This type of binding allows book to open flat. This type of binding also allows addition or removal of pages from a book.
Perfect Binding
Perfect binding is also known as adhesive binding. In this style of binding adhesive is used as the only securing material. A hot-melt adhesive is applied to the spine of the gathered pages.
When the adhesive dries it securely bounds the book.
The sections to be bound are clamped in the clamping station. The sections need to be jogged before clamping. The spine side of the sections is to be clamped downside in the clamp.
In the milling station, there is a rotary knife. The clamp takes the sections to the milling station. The rotary knife at the bottom mills the spine side of the sections. This enables the penetration of the glue completely into all the individual sheets of the sections.
In the gluing station, there is a glue pot. Hot melt glue is melted in the glue pot. When the clamp takes the milled sections above the glue pot, the hot melt glue is applied into the individual sheets of the sections.
Immediately after application of the glue on the spine side, the clamp takes the sections of the book to the nipping station. In the nipping station, the cover is fed. When the sections of the book come above the cover, the nipping mechanism presses the cover against the book. The cover gets attached firmly on to the book.
After the cover is attached the competed book is delivered onto the delivery tray.